Cooley, Henry S., A Study of Slavery in New Jersey. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1896.

Curtin, Philip D., The Atlantic Slave Trade: A Census. Madison, Wis.: The University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.

David, Paul A.; Herbert G. Gutman; Richard Sutch; Peter Temin; and Gavin Wright, Reckoning With Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976.

Drescher, Seymour and Stanley L. Engerman, A Historical Guide to World Slavery. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.

Eltis, David, The Rise of African Slavery in the Americas. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.

Engerman, Stanley L. (ed.), The Reinterpretation of American Economic History. New York: Harper & Row, 1972.

Essah, Patience, A House Divided: Slavery and Emancipation in Delaware, 1638-1865. Charlottesville, Va.: University Press of Virginia, 1996.

Fogel, Robert W., Without Consent or Contract: The Rise and Fall of American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton, 1989.

-------------, "Philanthropy at Bargain Prices: Notes on the Economics of Gradual Emancipation," Journal of Legal Studies, III, 1974, pp.380-1.

Fogel, Robert W., and Stanley L. Engerman, Time on the Cross: The Economics of American Negro Slavery. Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1974.

Galenson, David W., White Servitude in Colonial America. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

-------------, "The Settlement and Growth of the Colonies," in Stanley L. Engerman and Robert E. Gallman (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of the United States. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.

Genovese, Eugene, Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World the Slaves Made. New York: Pantheon Books, 1974.

Greene, Lorenzo Johnston, The Negro in Colonial New England, 1620-1776. N.Y.: Columbia University Press, 1942.

Hancock, Harold B., Delaware During the Civil War: A Political History. Wilmington: Historical Society of Delaware, 1961.

Harper, Douglas R., "If Thee Must Fight:" A Civil War History of Chester County, Pa. West Chester, Pa.: Chester County Historical Society, 1990.

------------------, West Chester to 1865: That Elegant & Notorious Place. West Chester, Pa.: Chester County Historical Society, 1999.

Hodges, Graham Russell, Slavery and Freedom in the Rural North: African Americans in Monmouth County, New Jersey, 1665-1865. Madison, Wis: Madsion House Publications, 1997.

Klein, Herbert S., The Atlantic Slave Trade. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Litwack, Leon F., North of Slavery. The Negro in the Free States, 1790-1860. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961.

McManus, Edgar J., Black Bondage in the North. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1973.

-------------, A History of Negro Slavery in New York. Syracuse, N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1966.

Melish, Joanne Pope, Disowning Slavery: Gradual Emancipation and 'Race' in New England 1780-1860. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998.

Menard, Russell R. "From Servants to Slaves: The Transformation of the Chesapeake Labor System," Southern Studies 16 (Winter 1977): 355-90.

Nash, Gary B., Race and Revolution. Madison, Wis.: Madison House, 1990.

------------, and Jean R. Soderlund, Freedom by Degrees: Emancipation in Pennsylvania and Its Aftermath. N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Pritchett, Jonathan B. "Quantitative Estimates of the United States Interregional Slave Trade, 1820-1860," Journal of Economic History 61 (June 2001): 467-475.

Reed, H. Clay, "Lincoln's Compensated Emancipation Plan," Delaware Notes 7 (1931).

Steiner, Bernard, The History of Slavery in Connecticut. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1893.

Tucker, St. George, On the State of Slavery in Virginia, in View of the Constitution of the United States, With Selected Writings. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999.

Turner, Edward Raymond, The Negro in Pennsylvania, Slavery-Servitude-Freedom, 1639-1861. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association, 1911.

Weigley, Russell F., ed., Philadelphia: A 300-Year History. N.Y.: W.W. Norton & Co., 1982.

Williams, William H., Slavery and Freedom in Delaware, 1639-1865, Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, 1996.

Wilson, Clyde N., foreword to View of the Constitution of the United States, With Selected Writings. Indianapolis: Liberty Fund, 1999.

2003 - Slavery in the North - About the Author